SIMULA Products - CBT Course on NDT - Ultrasonic Testing - Detailed contents

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Second Float Column

Computer Based Training Course on "ULTRASONIC TESTING"

	DETAILED CONTENTS (see Contents )


1. METALLURGY OF STEEL 1.1. Iron-carbon diagram Analysis of the Iron-Carbon Diagram Addition of elements 1.2. Mechanical tests Tensile test Hardness test Resilience test Creep test 1.3. Types of fracture Tough fracture Brittle fractures Fatigue fractures 1.4. Heat treatments Introduction (theory) Full annealing Normalisation Hardening Tempering Thermo-chemical treatments 1.5. Production of carbon steels Manufacturing process Classification of steels Designation of steels Stainless steels Classification of products 1.6. Study of defects Discontinuities in steel Discontinuities in forged pieces Discontinuities in castings Discontinuities in rolled plates Discontinuities in pipes Weld discontinuities 2. ULTRASOUNDS 2.1. Introduction to ultrasounds Generality of waves 2.2. Types of ultrasonic waves Longitudinal waves Transverse waves Surface waves Lamb waves 2.3. Characteristic parameters Propagation velocity Frequency Wavelength Acoustic impedance Sound pressure Acoustic intensity 2.4. Propagation of ultrasounds Huygens’ construction Irradiation field Beam attenuation Laws of reflection Laws of refraction Diffusion Diffraction 3. TEST INSTRUMENTS 3.1. Transducers Introduction to transducers Piezoelectric transducers Electrostrictive transducers Characteristics of different materials Transducer excitation Straight beam transducer for contact control Angle beam contact control transducer Twin crystal contact transducer (transmitting and receiving) Wheel-type transducers Water-column transducers Immersion transducers 3.2. Ultrasound equipment Introduction Cathodic Ray Tube Synchronizer Transmitter Sweep Generator Delay Circuit Receiver Additional Equipment Presentations of the Echogram 4. TESTING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 4.1. Testing methods Pulse-echo method Resonance method Through-transmission method 4.2. Testing techniques Contact technique Immersion technique Comparison Between Techniques 5. INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION AND PREPARATION 5.1. Signaling unit calibration Time axis calibration Sensitivity calibration Construction of a DAC curve DGS Diagrams 5.2. Periodical calibration check Horizontal linearity Vertical linearity Amplification linearity 5.3. Characterization of ultrasonic transducers Characterization of longitudinal probes Characterization of angle probes 5.4. Reference blocks SDH Block 1OW Block Steel Block 25 x 150 x 250 mm IIW V1 Block IIW V2 Block ASTM Blocks Other Types of Blocks 6. TESTING OPERATIONS 6.1. Selection criteria Ultrasound equipment Probe Coupling medium 6.2. Testing operations Surface preparation Calibration of the equipment Non-welded items: tests with longitudinal probes Non-welded items: tests with angle probes Tests on welds 6.3. Testing techniques for the different product typologies Tests on rolled plates Tests on forged pieces Tests on castings Tests on seamless pipes Tests on welded joints Norms and Standards 6.4. Assessment of reflectors False Indications Methods to locate the defects Methods to size the defects